Heavy oil is a kind of liquid fossil fuel. Compared with natural gas and other gas fuels, the system is simpler, safer, easier to store and free from geographical restrictions. Compared with light oil, it is more economical and cheaper due to the difference in manufacturing technology. In recent years, with the rising price of high-quality fuel oil and natural gas, heavy oil has been increasingly valued as an alternative fuel in oil-producing countries such as the Middle East. In the Middle East and other countries with large reserves of heavy oil, heavy-oil-based boilers are the first choice for new power stations, so there is a considerable market for oil-fired units in some oil-producing countries. Heavy oil is the residue left after the fractionation of crude oil into gasoline, kerosene and diesel after heating and refining. Its ignition and burnout characteristics are easier than those of pulverized coal. In the combustion process, the formation of nitrogen oxides is part of the combustion reaction. NOx is generated in the combustion process of boiler fuel. There are three main ways of NOx generation: thermal type, fast type and fuel type. Thermodynamic type: during combustion, nitrogen in the air is oxidized at high temperature, and the formation process is a chain reaction with no branches. The mechanism of formation is called expanded teridovich odd mechanism. With the increase of reaction temperature T, the reaction rate increases exponentially. When T < 1500° C, little NO was produced, while when T> is 1500° C, the reaction rate increases 6-7 times for every 100° C increase in T. The influence of temperature on thermal NOX is very obvious. In addition, excess air coefficient, residence time, pressure and other factors have certain influence on thermal NOX. In general, the thermal NOX production amount in the process of oil combustion is the largest, accounting for 70%-80% of the total. In 1971, Fennimore proposed the reaction mechanism of NOx formation. In the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, if the hydrocarbon concentration is high, fast NOx will be rapidly generated near the reaction area. NO fast NOx will be produced in the rich fuel combustion with low oxygen concentration. At the same time, fast NOx has a weak dependence on temperature, which is only considered at low temperature, accounting for 15%-20% of the total.; At high temperature, thermodynamic type NOx is more, fast type can be ignored. Fuel - based nitrogen oxides have a smaller proportion. At present, the power plant boiler using fuel burner, including from the inside coat of atomizing oil gun, a duct and the secondary air duct, atomizing oil gun including of the tubing and the nozzle, is equipped with a circle on the surface of the ring, in the front of the nozzle is arranged a number of such as the diameter of the nozzle, the nozzle spray Angle is the same, in the secondary air duct with cyclone; The burner in order to satisfy the requirement of heat, need to set up more spray hole as far as possible, this leads to the nozzle distance is close, when used, the nozzle of the fire easy ignition, flame of heat dissipation is poorer, high combustion temperature, produce more nitrogen oxides heat type, at the same time in the center of the combustion area is also low oxygen concentration and high concentration of heavy oil fuel condition, there are also a significant part of type oxides generated rapidly and causes existing in heavy oil boiler combustion is easy to produce high nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, emissions of nitrogen oxides are often up to 800 mg/Nm3, unable to meet the requirements of environmental protection.
The purpose of the utility model is to provide a heavy oil burner, which can significantly reduce the production of nitrogen oxides, meet the increasing requirements of environmental protection, and have a broader market prospect in view of the above shortcomings of existing technologies. At present, the international crude oil price falls, in order to save costs, high energy consumption factories have changed the type of energy used to heavy oil, the company in this international climate, the kiln energy from natural gas to heavy oil. However, compared with natural gas, heavy oil has many impurities and heavy pollution. When the burner burns, it is easy to produce carbon in the inner wall and the position of the gun head, while when the original gas is used, the compressed air is used to flush and the diesel oil is used to clean the gun head. The above cleaning method is difficult to clean the carbon accumulation, and when the dirty burner is installed again for combustion, it is easy to cause flame deviation, even blockage and extinction, resulting in the fluctuation of furnace temperature, or even affecting the normal production, so the original cleaning method cannot meet the current situation.
